Timeline Playing Card and Tarot History (1370 - 1800)

• OVERVIEW - articles to origin
  
  General sources
• Daf Treagar: FAQ to playing cards
• Seann McKay: General history of playing-cards
• Simon Wintle: Origin of Playing Cards
• Simon Wintle: Timeline early playing cards
• Michael J. Hurst: Timeline of Tarot
• Mary K Greer/Lola Lucas: Timeline of the Occult and Divinatory Tarot (1750 to 1980)
  
• Joan Coal: Herstory of Women Tarot (1960 - 2003)
• IPCS: Bibliography of Playing Card Books

• 1370 - 1420 Prohibitions
• 1370 - 1420 Other notes
• 1376 - 1477 Prohibitions in and around Florence
• 1377 Johannes von Rheinfelden
• 1392 Gringonneur
• 1414 - 1418 Council of Constance
• 1414 - 1500: 38 cardmakers in Nuremberg are known
• Andy Pollett: Mamluk cards
  Simon Wintle: Early Spanish Cards with similarity to Mamluk Cards
  Simon Wintle: Mamluk cards (15./16th century)

• 1426 and later: Karnöffel (documents)
• Name of Karnöffel
• 1427 - 1431: Stuttgarter Jagdspiel
• 1440: Ambras Deck
• 1440 (?) or later: Liechtenstein'sches Spiel
• Master of the Playing Cards
• ca. 1455 (?): Hofämterspiel

• 1420 - 1429: Playing Card prohibitions from Filippo Visconti
• 1422: First Playing Card note in Ferrara
• IMPERATORI
• 1423 - 1452: Imperatori decks in Ferrara
• OLDEST TAROT CARDS
  1424 - 1425 (?): Michelino Deck
• "Early" (?): Rothschild Cards
• FERRARA 1441
• TRIONFI - DOCUMENTS 1441 - 1463
• 1441 (?): Cary Yale
• - 1447: Brera-Brambilla Tarocchi:
  
• ca. 1450 (?): Single Card from Ferrara /Milan
  (?) Warsaw cards
• after 1450: 14 Bembo Cards(?)
• (?) Guildhall and Goldschmidt cards

• Early 15th century: Spain
• 1428, 1434 and 1435:
  Alfonso of Aragon noted in context to playing cards
• ca. 1440: playing card production in Lyon is noted
• 1449: Marcello sends Michelino deck to Rene
• 1450: The later king Louis XI as Dauphin in the Dauphine
  
• (?) Guildhall and Goldschmidt cards
• He stays till 1456

• Master E.S.
• 1462 - 1500 Master of the Bandelore
• 1470 (?): Master P.W.
• ca. 1470: Flemish Hunting deck
• 1496: German export deck for marriage in Spain
• 15th century German/Spanish deck

• ca. 1460 - 1500 (?): Various other Visconti Sforza handpainted cards
  • Rosenthal
  • Bartsch
  • Fournier
  • Victoria-Albert
  • Andrioletti
  • Marzoli
  • Biedak
  • Lombardy I
  • Lombardy II
  • Lombardy III
  • Bononi
• 1461 - 1494 (?): BOIARDO Tarocchi poem
  
• 1462: Venetian cards (not Tarot)
• 1466: Minchiate, first note
• ca. 1470: Mantegna-Tarocchi
• (?) 1471 Lazzarelli manuscript
• 1491 (?): Sola Busca Tarocchi
• ca. 1494: Dürer (Mantegna)
• 6 Boiardo cards, probably from after 1494
• (?): 16 Este cards
• (?): Charles VI. and Castle Ursino cards
• Other handpainted decks
• Late 15th century: A note to the Ludus triumphorum, first list of trumps

• 1461: Louis XI. becomes King. He develops Lyon to "his" capital of France. Many Italians in Lyon, especially from Florence.
• 1463: England, first note
• ca. 1470: Aragonese Master
• ca. 1480: Increasing playing card production in Lyon
  
• first still extant French cards
• 1490 - 1510: Height of Lyonaise card production; many exports
• 1490: Portugal, earliest reference.
• 1496: German export deck for marriage in Spain
• 1496: Rene II. d'Anjou plays Trionfi

• 1502/1507: Thomas Murner - 2 didactical decks
• 1507 - 1547: Clas Oth in Nuremberg, Stukeley-type, based on motifs of 1450-1470
• 1509: Ringmann - didactical cards for Latin grammar
• 1523: Older game of Sebald Beham
• 1520 - 1530: Erhard Schoen
• ca. 1520: Jörg Schwemer
• ca. 1530: Suisse cards
• ca. 1535: Hans Leonhard Schäufelein
• 1535 - 1540: Peter Floetner
• 1536: Sebald Beham
• 1538: Niklas Stör
• 1544: Vigil Solis
• mid 16th: burlesk scenes
• (?) Djerg Zaumberger
• 1558 -1595: Hans Hauk, Frankfurt, 4 decks
• 1571: Georg Leirer
• 1573: Hans Forster
• 1588: Jost Amman
• 1591: Johann Bussemacher
• Mantegna, Cologne Version
  
• 1595: Zwickau
• 16th century: "persons of the church"

• Various printed decks in Italy
  • 128 Bibliotheque Beaux arts
  • 129 Rothschild sheet
  • 130 Rosenwald
  • 272 Metropolitan 3 sheets
  • 275 Budapest 20 sheets, some trumps
  • 285 Cary-Yale 3 sheets
  • 287 / 288 Museo Arte Traditizioni
    "Orlando-deck"
  • 289 Sforza Castle
• early 16th Leber Tarot (Rouen)
• 1534: Rabelais note (document)
• 1550: Lollio (document inside article of Renier)
• Hebreo Card, single
• 1557 Catelin Geofroy
• Susio (document)
• 1585: Garzoni (document)

• ca. 1500 Valery Faucil in Rouen
• 1505: First note of the name "Tarot" in France
• 1543: Jehan Henault in Antwerpen
• 1557: Catelin de Geofroy
• 1565/7: and (second link)
• 1575: Phelippe Ayet, Spain

• 1615: J. Brinckmann
• 1617 Hainrich Mueller
• after 1644 Endter / Geography
• after 1644 Endter / Roi de France
• after 1644 Endter / famous Queens
• 1650 Moralistic deck
• 1650 - 1700 Azelt
• 1678 Johann Pretorius
• 1685 Johann Stridbeck - famous persons
• 1690 Jeremias Wolff, Occupations
• 1691: Geistlich-Teutsches Kartenspiel", Andreas Strobl
• 1695 Wappenkarte
• 1697 Carel de Wagenaar / "Royal" / Holland
• ca. 1700 Costumes
• ca. 1700 "Burlesques"

• early 17th Colonna Cards
• 1616, Labyrinth-Game / Page of Adam McLean
• 1637 Oldest rules
• 17th Parisian Tarot
• 1643 - 1664 Jacques Vievielle
• 1659 - 1664 Jean Noblet
• 1665 Mitelli (reprint Dal Negro)
• 1672 Francois Chosson
• 17th Antonio Monasta, Sicily (no Tarot)
• 17th, BM (Sicily), early Sicily pattern
• Florence Minchiate - Italy, unknown (ca. 1700)

• Begin 17th c.: unknown, Greek gods, France
• 1622 Robert Passerel, Paris
• ca. 1650: unknown, Paris
• ca. 1650: unknown, France
• ca. 1650, Pierre Barbey (France), Natural History
• 1658: Jeu de blason (Heraldic), France
• 1676 Robert Morden's Map Cards
• 1679 Knavery of the Rump
• 1688: Arms of English Peers
  
• 1690 Fortune Telling, earliest (?)
  
• 17th Maitre Cartier

• Astronomia
• 1720 Jeremias Wolff, Costumes of Augsburg
• 18th unknown, Regensburg
• P.F. Ulrich, Leipzig
• 18th, München
• 18th, Bavarian, Göbl
• 18th, Göbl
• (?), Göbl
• Kurbayerische Eichel
• 18th Joh. Carl Brossain
• 18th Fortunetelling
• 1760 -1770: John Hein Schenk
• 1785 Andreas Haupold, "Breite Karte"
• 1787 Backofen, "Karte nach der Mode"
• 1787 Witwe Geismer, "Hamlet"
• 1789, Franz Bernard Schaer (Suisse), National Suisse pattern
• 1790 Patience, Cajetan Göbl
• 1791 Christoph Erhard Suter
• 1793 Georg Fr. Schluter
• end 18th Johann Georg Eberhard
• unknown Ulm, "magical"

• early 18th Minchiate-Fiorentine
  
• early 18th Minchiate-Etruria
• 1701-1715 Jean Dodal
• 314/315 1709 Pierre Madinie (Dijon)
• 314/316 1713 Jean Pierre Payen (reprint of 1760)
• 314/317 1718 Francois Henri
• 314/318 early 18th 2nd Francois Henri
• 320/325 1720 - 1750 Ioannnes Pelagius Mayer
• 320/324 1720 - 1785 Sebastian Ioia
• 320/323 1723 - 1748 Adam C. de Hautot
• 147 1725 Geografia Tarot
• 314/319 1731: Claude Thomasset
• 320/321 ca. 1735 Jean-Pierre Payen
• 1743-1751 Nicolas Bodet
• 1748 Marseille deck (2001 reprint of 1930/1748)
• 320/322 18th Solesio Tarot
• 326/327 18th Antoine Jar
• 145/285 18th Vandenborre Belgian Tarot
• 152 (?) Jean Galler (Brusselles)
• ca. 1750, "Al Soldato" (Bologna), Piacenza pattern
• 326/327 1750 Rochus I Schaer
• 1750 A. Göbl, Bavarian Animal Tarot - Germany
• 326/328 1751 Claude Burdel
• 326/329 2nd half 18th Antoine Jar
• 326/330 2nd half 18th Martin Dupont
• 149/151 1760 Nas Conver Tarot
• 150 ca. 1760 Lando Tarot
• 1761 Grimaud, Tarot of Marseilles - France (1963 reprint of Nicolas Convert)
• 336/339 1770 Cosmo Antonio Toso
• 326/333 1777 Charles Madigne
• 1780 Tarot Flamand - Swiss, AGM (reprint)
• 326/334 1780 A. Paiche
• 297 1780 Göbl Tarot
• 326/335 1780 C.F. Carrajat
• ca. 1780, Guilleaume Mann, Colmar (Germany), Bavarian Animal Tarot
• 336/338 1784 Bernard Schaer
• ca. 1785, Martin Boehme (?), Dresden Germany, Military Tarot
• 137-139 1787 Court de Gebelin Tarots
• 1790, J. M. Backofen, Bavarian Animal Tarot
• 155 1791 L Carey, Strasbourg
• 1795, J. de Porre (Belgium), Animal Tarot
• 1797, Croxall (UK), deck King Henri VIII
• 1800 J.D. Backofen, Tarock ?
• ca. 1800, unknown, (Luebeck, Germany), Baltic Tarot (
• 18th P.F. Ulrich, Tarock
• 326/331 late 18th Conrad Iseli
• 336/337 late 18th Grandpetre Tarot
• 340/341 late 18th Gaetano Provasi (Bologna-Type)
• 151 late 18th Voisin/Belfort
• 151 late 18th J. Jerger (Besancon)
• 153 late 18th Rochias Fils (Suisse)
• 154 late 18th (?) Gumppenberg (Milanese)
• ca. 1790 G.Drago, Tarot of Marseilles - Italy
• 18th Fournier, Tarot of Marseilles - Spain (1984, reprint)
• 1800 J.G.Backofen, Animal Tarock, Germany
• 18th Gorizia, Tarot of Marseilles
• 18th Berti, Tarot of Marseilles
• 18th DuPort, Tarock - Poland
• 18th/19th C.F.Pfeiffer, Tarock - Germany

• 17th, Jean Vianey (France), Lyon I pattern
• 17th, Louis Millieu (France), Toulouse/Gerona pattern
• 17th, Richard Bouvier (Rouen, France ?), Rouen I pattern
• 1707 Marlborough's Victories
  
• ca. 1710, Jacques Sellon (Marseille, France), Spanish National pattern
• 1715 and later, deck "Piquet"
• 1712: J. Mariette, Heraldic
• 1720, Carington Bowles (London), the "South Sea Bubble"
• 1720 South Sea Bubbles
• 1730 Beggar's Opera
• ca. 1730, "Bowles", London, deck "Proverb"
• ca. 1745, Jean Gisaine (France), Paris pattern
• 1754 Cries of London
• 1763: Daumont, Fortifications
• 1765 and later, Rowley & Co (UK)
• 1786 Real Fábrica de Macharaviaya (Málaga)
• 1787 clubs
• 18th c. (?): unknown, 32 cards
• ca. 1790: Jeu de la Revolution, Reims
• 1790 - 1804, A. Lefer, Paris, Vive le Roy
• 1790 - 1830, Hunt&sons, "Great Mogul"
• 1792, J. Pinaut, revolutionary models,
• 1792: J Pinaut, Jeu de la Revolution
• 1792: J. Minot (?) Jeu de la Revolution
• 1792: Jean and Degourc, Jeu de la Revolution
• 1797: I.Kirk, Fables of Aesop
• 1797, Croxall (UK), deck King Henri VIII